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The knee is the largest and one of the most complex joints in the body. The knee
joint is used over one million times per year. As a result of all that wear and tear,
it is more susceptible to injury than other joints in the body. The mobility and
flexibility of the knee joint also means less stability and more chance of
injury.
The Anatomy of the Knee
The knee is a hinge joint, which is formed where the femur (thigh bone) meets the tibia
(shin bone). The joint is protected in the front by the patella (knee cap). Articular
cartilage covers the ends of the femur and tibia, and the underside of the patella. This
cartilage allows the knee joint to move smoothly, as well help absorb shock. Ligaments act
as strong guide wires that help connect the bones and aid in the stability of the
joint.
The Causes of Knee Degeneration
Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of knee degeneration. This condition causes
the cartilage in the joint wear away. The result is pain, swelling and loss of motion
in the knee joint. Other symptoms include bone spur formation and deformity of the knee.
Other causes of knee degeneration are rheumatoid arthritis and post-traumatic arthritis,
which may develop after an injury to the knee.
Treatments Options
Before considering knee replacement surgery, other treatment options should be
considered. These include medication, physical therapy, exercise, and arthroscopy
to clean out the joint. When knee pain fails to respond to conservative treatment,
knee replacement surgery may be recommended.
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