Scoliosis and Spinal Stenosis

Scoliosis is abnormal curvature of the spine. While scoliosis is thought to be a problem in children and adolescents, it can also develop in adults. These spinal curves, greater than 10 degrees, are C shaped (a single curve) or S shaped (two curves). The vertebrae can also rotate, causing the spine to twist. Most causes of scoliosis are unknown (idiopathic), although scoliosis can also be caused from degenerative conditions, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and disc degeneration.

Most cases of scoliosis are mild, often painless, and require only observation. Severe scoliosis may require bracing or surgery. In severe instances, scoliosis can put pressure on internal organs. Surgery for scoliosis is complex and usually recommended when the patient has a significant curve, greater than 50 degrees.

Narrowing in the spinal canal or vertebral foramina of the spine causes spinal stenosis. This places pressure on the spinal cord or the individual nerve roots that exit the spine. Spinal stenosis usually occurs in the cervical or lumbar area. Most often, spinal stenosis is seen in persons over the age of 50.

There are several causes of spinal stenosis. Some cases of spinal stenosis are congenital. Aging and “wear and tear” is a major cause of spinal stenosis. Bone spurs (osteophytes) develop, spinal ligaments thicken and harden (calcification) and the invertebral disc can degenerate, causing the spaces in the spinal canal to narrow and create pressure on the spinal cord of spinal nerve roots.

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