A sprain is an injury to the soft tissue-tendons, ligaments and muscle. When these tissues are overstretched or torn, they become inflamed, causing pain. About 80 percent of back and neck pain is related to overuse and muscle strain or injury to the muscles and ligaments that support the spine.  

Back sprains and strains occur due to sudden injury or an overuse injury, which develops over time. The muscles surrounding the spine are made to stretch too far, lift too much weight, or move in such a way that they sustain very small tears. Tearing of the muscles and ligaments usually result in a microscopic amount of bleeding into the muscle, which causes swelling and painful muscle spasms. Pain and muscles spasms are nature’s way of protecting the injured tissue from further use.

 
There is no quick fix for a back sprain or strain. The goal of immediate treatment is to reduce pain and stiffness, and relax muscle spasms. A brief period of rest, only a few days, may be necessary, followed by a gradual return to normal activities. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and muscle relaxers are helpful in alleviating pain, inflammation and spasms. For the first 48 hours of the injury, ice can be used to help reduce inflammation. A physical therapy program of stretching and strengthening exercise may help in the healing process, as well as help avoid future back injuries.

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